Summer crop production in Soran dropped sharply in 2025 because severe drought and limited water resources harmed crops. Farmers struggled throughout the season, which caused massive losses and economic strain.
Usually, Soran’s farms produce over 7,000 tons of summer fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, cucumbers, peaches, watermelons, and plums. This year, farmers harvested only around 3,000 tons. Most crops failed because fields dried out without enough irrigation.
Rainfall fell drastically across the region. Choman received just 400 millimeters, while Mergasur got 300 millimeters. These amounts fall well below the average annual 600 millimeters. The lack of rain forced farmers to rely on limited water supplies that often ran low. This situation stressed farming communities and reduced productivity.
Markets quickly faced shortages of fresh produce. Officials allowed imports of fruits and vegetables to begin earlier than usual. This move helped prevent price spikes and ensured supply met demand. Farmers and traders both felt the impact as the supply chain struggled.
In contrast, winter crops performed better. Farmers planted most winter crops such as wheat, barley, and maize in 2024, before the drought worsened. These crops yielded 23,053 tons, offering some relief to the agricultural sector.
The Agriculture Directorate reported that farmers planted 12,412 dunams with summer crops last year and 31,304 dunams with winter crops. The region manages more than 250,000 dunams of farmland, with over half dedicated to fruits and vegetables.
Experts warn drought risks will increase due to climate change. Areas like Duhok and Sulaimani already suffer severe water stress. Without intervention, the region may face more frequent crop failures.
The sharp decline in summer crop production in Soran sends a clear warning. Farmers need better water management, advanced irrigation, and drought-resistant seeds. Without immediate action, summer crop production in Soran will continue to decline, threatening food security and local economies.
